diff --git a/vibeguard/analyzers/base.py b/vibeguard/analyzers/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b15794c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vibeguard/analyzers/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Base analyzer class for VibeGuard."""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class BaseAnalyzer(ABC):
+    """Base class for all language analyzers."""
+
+    LANGUAGE_NAME: str = "base"
+    FILE_EXTENSIONS: list[str] = []
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def parse_file(self, path: Path) -> Any | None:
+        """Parse a file and return the AST/tree."""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def analyze(self, tree: Any, path: Path) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Analyze a parsed tree for anti-patterns."""
+        pass
+
+    def get_language(self) -> str:
+        """Get the language name for this analyzer."""
+        return self.LANGUAGE_NAME
+
+    def supports_extension(self, ext: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if this analyzer supports a file extension."""
+        return ext in self.FILE_EXTENSIONS
+
+    def get_severity_score(self, severity: str) -> int:
+        """Convert severity string to numeric score for sorting."""
+        scores = {"critical": 4, "error": 3, "warning": 2, "info": 1}
+        return scores.get(severity, 0)