diff --git a/dataforge/parsers.py b/dataforge/parsers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..384c860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dataforge/parsers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""Data parsing and serialization module for JSON, YAML, and TOML formats."""
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+import yaml
+
+try:
+    import tomli
+except ImportError:
+    tomli = None
+
+try:
+    import tomllib
+except ImportError:
+    tomllib = None
+
+SUPPORTED_FORMATS = ["json", "yaml", "toml"]
+
+
+def detect_format(file_path: str) -> str:
+    """Detect file format from extension."""
+    ext = Path(file_path).suffix.lower()
+    format_map = {
+        ".json": "json",
+        ".yaml": "yaml",
+        ".yml": "yaml",
+        ".toml": "toml",
+    }
+    format_name = format_map.get(ext)
+    if format_name is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported file extension: {ext}. Supported formats: {', '.join(SUPPORTED_FORMATS)}")
+    return format_name
+
+
+def detect_format_from_content(content: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Detect format from content (try parsing)."""
+    if content.strip().startswith("{") or content.strip().startswith("["):
+        try:
+            json.loads(content)
+            return "json"
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            pass
+    if "=" in content and ":" not in content.split("=")[0]:
+        return "toml"
+    return "yaml"
+
+
+def load_data(source: str, format: Optional[str] = None) -> Any:
+    """Load data from a file path or string content."""
+    path = Path(source)
+    if path.exists() and path.is_file():
+        file_format = format or detect_format(source)
+        with open(source, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            content = f.read()
+            return parse_content(content, file_format)
+    else:
+        detected = format or detect_format_from_content(source)
+        if detected is None:
+            detected = "json"
+        return parse_content(source, detected)
+
+
+def parse_content(content: str, format: str) -> Any:
+    """Parse content string based on format."""
+    if format == "json":
+        return json.loads(content)
+    elif format == "yaml":
+        return yaml.safe_load(content)
+    elif format == "toml":
+        if tomli is not None:
+            return tomli.loads(content)
+        elif tomllib is not None:
+            return tomllib.loads(content)
+        else:
+            raise ImportError("Neither tomli nor tomllib is available for TOML parsing")
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported format: {format}. Supported formats: {', '.join(SUPPORTED_FORMATS)}")
+
+
+def dump_data(data: Any, format: str, output: Optional[str] = None, indent: int = 2) -> str:
+    """Dump data to string or file based on format."""
+    if format == "json":
+        result = json.dumps(data, indent=indent, ensure_ascii=False)
+    elif format == "yaml":
+        result = yaml.dump(data, indent=indent, allow_unicode=True, sort_keys=False)
+    elif format == "toml":
+        try:
+            import tomli_w
+            result = tomli_w.dumps(data)
+        except ImportError:
+            try:
+                import tomllib
+                result = tomllib.dumps(data)
+            except ImportError:
+                raise ImportError("tomli_w or tomllib required for TOML output")
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported format: {format}. Supported formats: {', '.join(SUPPORTED_FORMATS)}")
+    
+    if output:
+        with open(output, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            f.write(result)
+        return ""
+    return result
+
+
+def read_file(file_path: str) -> str:
+    """Read file content."""
+    with open(file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        return f.read()
+
+
+def write_file(content: str, file_path: str) -> None:
+    """Write content to file."""
+    with open(file_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(content)